Private Key Cryptography
Private key cryptography is the type most people are familiar
with.
For instance, say I write a secret message and I send it to
you. What I have sent is encrypted. Additionally, I send you the
message's key. When you correctly combine the key with the
message you can read the decrypted message.
AES/Rijndael is one of the types of ciphers which utilize private
key cryptography.
Public Key Cryptography
Public key cryptography, on the other hand, uses
a key in which the whole world, theoretically, can have access
to. The person coding the message doesn't care.
When someone encrypts their information with the public key, only
the holder of the original private key can decipher it. Of
course, the holder of the private key keeps the private key private.
The
advantage of this is you can have virtually anyone encrypt a
message and send it to you without fear of someone having the
actual key to decipher the message. Not even the holder of the
public key can decrypt the message. Only the holder of the
private key can decrypt the message.
An example of public key cryptography which is available in .NET is
RSA. RSA stands for Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman. They are the inventors of the RSA cipher. It was
created in 1978.
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